Titration Calculator — Concentration, Volume & Repeated Trials
Solve titration concentration or volume from a balanced reaction. Analyse repeated direct titrations with blank correction, dilution and a transparent report.
Use the coefficients from your balanced reaction to find an unknown concentration or volume. For repeated direct titrations, review each trial and the spread of your measurements.
50 mL aliquot; 35.23 mL of 0.25 M titrant; reaction ratio 1:1.
Assumes your observed endpoint represents stoichiometric equivalence for the reaction you supplied. This does not calculate pH or identify the right indicator.
Calculation report
Titration at equivalence · analyte:titrant 1:1 Analyte aliquot: 50 mL Titrant: 0.25 M × 35.23 mL = 0.0088075 mol Analyte: 0.0088075 mol ÷ 0.05 L = 0.17615 M
Formula, examples and limits · sources
Stoichiometry first
Ca × Va / νa = Ct × Vt / νt. C is molarity, V is volume; a means analyte and t means titrant. Use consistent volume units. The reaction must be known and balanced; the tool does not infer coefficients from acid names, pH or colour changes.
Editable examples
- 1:1 unknown concentration: 50 mL aliquot, 35.23 mL of 0.250 M titrant → 0.17615 M (0.176 M to three significant figures).
- 1 analyte : 2 titrant: 25 mL of 0.05 M analyte with 0.1 M titrant → 25 mL titrant.
- Three direct trials: 20 mL aliquots, 0.1 M titrant, titres 19.9 / 20 / 20.1 mL → mean 0.1 M, sample SD 0.0005 M.
Repeat mode subtracts your direct-method blank from each delivered volume, calculates each aliquot concentration, then applies the declared prior dilution factor. The mean weights each included concentration equally, even when aliquot volumes differ. It does not pool volumes. Final burette reading must exceed initial reading; split a refill into a separately determined delivered volume.
Sample SD uses n−1; standard error of the mean (SEM) is SD/√n; relative SD is 100 × SD/mean. One included trial has no estimated scatter. Repeat scatter does not cover systematic endpoint errors or uncertainties in titrant, dilution, volumes or coefficients. No automatic outlier removal, confidence interval or complete uncertainty estimate.
Software input limits: coefficients 1–100 (integers), molarity 10⁻¹²–1000 mol/L, positive volumes 10⁻¹²–1000 L, nonnegative readings and blank up to 1000 L, dilution factor 1–10⁹; 1–12 trials. These are computational limits, not recommended laboratory conditions. Results use six significant digits without inferring measurement precision; calculations retain the numeric values.
Sources: OpenStax · quantitative chemical analysis, IUPAC · titration, NIST · sample standard deviation. Blank sign is method-specific: Metrohm direct-titration example; back titration uses a different model.
Preparing a concentration series instead? Use the serial dilution planner.
